All the original volunteers were kept as backups and three prisoners as well as three guards occupied the prison at a time. ExperimentĪt the beginning of the experiment, Zimbardo started off with nine guards and nine prisoners. They were dressed in identical uniforms, wore a whistle around their neck and carried a night stick.
Instead, the psychologists allowed them to do whatever was needed to keep order in the prison. The guards themselves were not given any specific instruction or guidelines for the way they were to treat the prisoners besides the fact they were not allowed to use corporal punishment. They were then issued uniforms, ID numbers, and escorted to their cells by the volunteer prison guards. On arrival, the "prisoners" were stripped, searched, shaved and deloused, which caused a great deal of humiliation. The volunteers knew they were being used in a study but they did not know when the study would be taking place, so the initial shock of being randomly arrested one morning and taken to the mock prison put them in a mild state of shock. The students quickly began acting out their roles, with "guards" becoming sadistic and "prisoners" showing extreme passivity and depression. The planned two-week study into the psychology of prison life ended after only six days due to emotional trauma being experienced by the participants. Office of Naval Research, he conducted the Stanford prison study in which 24 clinically sane individuals were randomly assigned to be "prisoners" or "guards" in a mock dungeon located in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford (three additional college students were selected as alternates, only one of whom participated in the study). In 1971, Zimbardo accepted a tenured position as professor of psychology at Stanford University. Main article: Stanford prison experiment Background
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